:вЂЉ16вЂ“22 Some of the best attested examples are the diverse rites which were part of the religious practices in Mesoamerica and the Inca Empire. Main article: Child sacrifice in pre-Columbian culturesДЄrchaeologists have uncovered physical evidence of child sacrifice at several locations. The children were not necessarily actively killed, but neglect and intentional malnourishment may also have occurred, as proposed by Vicente Lull as an explanation for an apparent surplus of men and the below average height of women in prehistoric Menorca. Taung child skull) that had been traumatized, has been proposed cannibalism by Raymond A. :вЂЉ19 Comparative anthropologists have calculated that 50% of female newborn babies were killed by their parents during the Paleolithic era.

:вЂЉ66 Both anthropologists believed that these high rates of infanticide persisted until the development of agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution. Joseph Birdsell believed that infanticide rates in prehistoric times were between 15% and 50% of the total number of births, while Laila Williamson estimated a lower rate ranging from 15% to 20%. Many Neolithic groups routinely resorted to infanticide in order to control their numbers so that their lands could support them. On at least one island in Oceania, infanticide was carried out until the 20th century by suffocating the infant, while in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in the Inca Empire it was carried out by sacrifice (see below). Child sacrifice to supernatural figures or forces, such as that believed to have been practiced in ancient Carthage, may be only the most notorious example in the ancient world.ДЄ frequent method of infanticide in ancient Europe and Asia was simply to abandon the infant, leaving it to die by exposure (i.e., hypothermia, hunger, thirst, or animal attack). The practice of infanticide has taken many forms over time.

Infanticidio by Mexican artist Antonio GarcГa Vega. 3.4.2 'Early infanticidal childrearing'.Parental infanticide researchers have found that mothers are far more likely than fathers to be the perpetrators of neonaticide and slightly more likely to commit infanticide in general. Infanticide is now very rare in industrialised countries but may persist elsewhere. During the period of Company rule in India, the East India Company attempted to eliminate infanticide but were only partially successful, and female infanticide in some parts of India still continues. Infanticide of male babies had become uncommon in China by the Ming dynasty (1368вЂ“1644), whereas infanticide of female babies became more common during the One-Child Policy era (1979вЂ“2015). The practice ceased in Arabia in the 7th century after the founding of Islam, since the Quran prohibits infanticide.

Christianity forbade infanticide from its earliest times, which led Constantine the Great and Valentinian I to ban infanticide across the Roman Empire in the 4th century. Infanticide became forbidden in Europe and the Near East during the 1st millennium. Infanticide continued to be common in most societies after the historical era began, including ancient Greece, ancient Rome, the Phoenicians, ancient China, ancient Japan, Aboriginal Australia, Native Americans, and Native Alaskans. Most Stone Age human societies routinely practiced infanticide, and estimates of children killed by infanticide in the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras vary from 15 to 50 percent. Infanticide is reportedly used by the state of North Korea as a punitive or social-control measure, and may be used or have been used recently in other totalitarian states, also in some tribal societies. Infanticide is now widely illegal, but in some places the practice is tolerated or the prohibition not strictly enforced. Unwanted infants were normally abandoned to die of exposure, but in some societies they were deliberately killed. Infanticide was a widespread practice throughout human history that was mainly used to dispose of unwanted children, :вЂЉ61 its main purpose the prevention of resources being spent on weak or disabled offspring. Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring. For the killing of older children by a parent, see Filicide. For practices of killing newborns within 24 hours of a child's birth, see Neonaticide. For infanticide among animals, see Infanticide (zoology). This article is about infanticide in humans.

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